Alicia Izquierdo, PhD, currently Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles AIzquie@calstatela.edu
Janel Boyce-Rustay, PhD, currently Senior Research Pharmacologist, Abbott Laboratories
Rachel Millstein, BA, currently at Harvard University
Lisa Wiedholz, BA, currently Reserch Pharmacologist, Abbott Laboratories
Rebecca Yang, BA, currently at Emory University
Kathryn Hefner, BA, currently at University Wisconsin-Madison
Poonam Mathur, BA, currently at Nova Southeastern University
Benjamin Palachick, BSc, currently at McCann School of Business & Technology
Collaborators
Dr. Timothy J. Bussey and Dr. Lisa M. Saksida, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge; Weblink
Dr. Heather Cameron, Unit on Neuroplasticity, NIMH; Weblink
Dr. Lynette C. Daws, Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center; Weblink
Dr. Seth Grant, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Weblink
Dr. Markus Heilig, Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, NIAAA; Weblink
Dr. Kazutoshi Nakazawa, Unit on Genetics of Cognition and Behavior, NIMH; Weblink
Dr. David Lovinger and Dr. Margaret Davis, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, NIAAA; Weblink
Dr. Kerry Ressler, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University; Weblink
Dr. David R. Sibley, Section on Molecular Neuropharmacology, NINDS; Weblink
Dr. Cara Wellman, Department of Psychology, Indiana University; Weblink
Dr. Robert W. Williams, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee; Weblink
Dr. Danny Winder, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Weblink
Dr. Ted Usdin, Laboratory of Genetics, NIMH; Weblink
Recent key publications
Wellman CL, Izquierdo A, Garrett JE, Martin KP, Carroll J, Millstein RA, Lesch K-P, Murphy DL, and Holmes A (2007) Impaired stress-coping and fear extinction and abnormal corticolimbic morphology in serotonin transporter knockout mice. The Journal of Neuroscience, 27:684-691. Pubmed
Yang RJ, Mozhui K, Karlsson R-M, Cameron HA, Williams RW, Holmes A (2008) Genetically-driven variation in mouse basolateral amygdala volume predicts differences in fear learning and stress-reactivity. Neuropsychopharmacology. Pubmed
Izquierdo A, Wellman CL and Holmes A (2006) Stress causes rapid dendritic retraction in infralimbic cortex and impairs fear extinction in mice. The Journal of Neuroscience 26: 5733-5738. Pubmed
Hariri AR and Holmes A (2006) The serotonin transporter and the genetics of affect regulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10: 182-191. Pubmed
Daws LC, Montañez S, Munn JL, Owens WA, Baganz NL, Boyce-Rustay JM, Millstein RA, Wiedholz LM, Murphy DL and Holmes A (2006) Ethanol inhibits clearance of brain serotonin by a serotonin transporter-independent mechanism. The Journal of Neuroscience 26: 6431-6438. Pubmed
Esaki T, Cook M, Shimoji K, Murphy DL, Sokoloff L and Holmes A (2005) Developmental disruption of serotonin transporter function impairs cerebral responses to whisker stimulation in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102: 5582-5587. Pubmed
Cryan, JF and Holmes A (2005) The ascent of mouse: advances in modeling human depression and anxiety. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 4: 775-790. Pubmed
Holmes A, le Guisquet A-M, Vogel E, Millstein RA, Leman S and Belzung C (2005) Early life genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors shaping emotionality in rodents. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 29: 1335-1346. Pubmed
Additional publications
Feyder M, Wiedholz LM, Sprengel R, Holmes A (2008) Impaired associative fear learning following complete or partial loss of AMPA GluR1 receptors in mice. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience.
Brigman J, Feyder M, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ, Mishina M, Holmes A (2008) Impaired discrimination learning in mice lacking the NMDA receptor NR2A subunit. Learning and Memory.
Karlsson RM, Holmes A, Crawley, JN, Heilig, MA (2008) The neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor subtype is necessary for the anxiolytic-like but not antidepressant-like effects of neuropeptide Y. Psychopharmacology 195:547-557. Pubmed
Boyce-Rustay JM, Janos A, Holmes A (2008) Effects of chronic swim stress on EtOH-related behaviors in C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and BALB/cByJ mice. Behavioural Brain Research 188: 133-137. Pubmed
Fox MA, Andrews AM, Wendland JR, Lesch KP, Holmes A, Murphy DL (2008) A pharmacological analysis of mice with a targeted disruption of the serotonin transporter. Psychopharmacology. Pubmed
Millstein RA, and Holmes A (2007) Effects of repeated maternal separation on anxiety- and depression-related phenotypes in different mouse strains. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 31:3-17. Pubmed
Wiedholz LM, Owens WA, Horton RE, Feyder M, Hefner KR, Sprengel R, Celikel T, Daws LC, Holmes A (2007) Mice lacking the AMPA GluR1 receptor exhibit hyperdopaminergia and schizophrenia-related behaviors. Molecular Psychiatry, in press. Pubmed
Hefner KM and Holmes A (2007) Changes in the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of ethanol across adolescence in mice. Psychopharmacology, 191:311-322. Pubmed
Holmes A (2007) Mouse models of anxiety. In Handbook of Behavioral Genetics of the Mouse. WE Crusio, F Sluyter, RT Gerlai (Eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Caldwell HK, Stewart S, Wiedholz LM, Millstein RA, Holmes A, Young SW, and Wersinger S (2007) The acute intoxicating effects of ethanol are not dependent on the vasopressin 1a or 1b receptors. Neuropeptides 40:325-337. Pubmed
Tonelli LH, Holmes A, Postlache TT (2008) Intranasal immune challenge induces sex-dependent depressive-like behavior and cytokine expression in the brain. Neuropsychopharmacology. Pubmed
Hefner KM and Holmes A (2007) Ontogeny of fear-, anxiety- and depression-related behavior across mouse adolescence. Behavioral Brain Research 176:210-215. Pubmed
Carroll J, Boyce-Rustay JM, Izquierdo A, Millstein RA, Yang RJ, Wiedholz LM, Murphy DL and Holmes A (2007) Effects of mild early life stress on abnormal emotional behaviors in 5-HTT knockout mice. Behavior Genetics, 37:214-222. Pubmed
Holmes A, Stein, MB and Steckler T (2007) Modeling anxiety in mice. In Animal and translational models of psychiatric disorders. RA McArthur and F Borsini (Eds). Elsevier, London.
Mozhui K, Hamre K, Holmes A, Lu, L, and Williams RW (2007) Genetic and structural analysis of the mouse basolateral amygdala complex. Behavior Genetics, 37:223-243. Pubmed
Boyce-Rustay JM, Cameron HA, and Holmes A (2007) Chronic swim stress alters sensitivity to acute behavioral effects of ethanol in mice. Physiology & Behavior, 91:77-86. Pubmed
Holmes A and Griebel G (2007) The pharmacology of anxiety. In Handbook of Anxiety and Fear. R Blanchard, DC Blanchard, DJ Nutt (Eds). Elsevier, London.
Hasnie FS, Wallace V, Hefner KM, Holmes A, and Rice ASC (2007) Mechanical and cold allodynia in nerve-injured mice is not associated with anxiety- and depression-related behaviours. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 98:816-822.3. Pubmed
Holmes A (2007) The pharmacology of anxiety. In Handbook of Anxiety and Fear. R Blanchard, DC Blanchard, DJ Nutt (Eds). Elsevier, London.
Hefner KM and Holmes A (2007) Short-term and long-term effects of exposure to an unfamiliar male in C57BL/6J mice. Behavioural Brain Research, in press. Pubmed
Holmes A and Picciotto M (2006) Galanin; a novel target system for stress-related disorders and addiction? Current Drug Targets – CNS & Neurological Disorders 5: 225-232. Pubmed
Boyce-Rustay JM and Holmes A (2006) Genetic inactivation of the NMDA NR2A subunit has anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology, 31: 2405-1414. Pubmed
Adamec, RA, Burton, P, Blundell, J, Murphy, DL and Holmes A (2006) Vulnerability to mild predator stress in serotonin transporter knockout mice. Behavioral Brain Research 170: 126-140. Pubmed
Millstein RA, Ralph RJ, Yang RJ and Holmes A (2006) Effects of repeated maternal separation on prepulse inhibition of startle across inbred mouse strains. Genes, Brain & Behavior 5: 346-354. Pubmed
Boyce-Rustay JM and Holmes A (2006) Ethanol-related behaviors in mice lacking the NMDA receptor NR2A subunit. Psychopharmacology, 187: 455-466. Pubmed
Izquierdo A, Wiedholz LM, Millstein, RA, Yang, RJ, Bussey TJ, Saksida LM, and Holmes A (2006) Genetic and dopaminergic modulation of reversal learning in a touchscreen-based operant procedure for mice. Behavioral Brain Research, 171:181-188. Pubmed
Holmes A and Cryan JF (2006) Measuring anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in the mouse. In Transgenic and Knockout Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. GS Fisch and J Flint (Eds). Humana Press, New Jersey.
Karlsson R and Holmes A (2006) Galanin; a modulator of stress and emotion. Amino Acids, in press. Pubmed
Wrenn C.C. and Holmes, A. Galanin; a novel target for stress-related disorders. Drug News and Perspectives, 26: 753-778. Pubmed
Ren-Patterson R, Cochran LW, Holmes A, Lesch K-P, Lu B, and Murphy DL (2006) Gender-dependent modulation of brain monoamines and anxiety-like behaviors in mice with genetic serotonin transporter and BDNF deficiencies. Molecular and Cellular Biology in press. Pubmed
Boyce-Rustay JM, Wiedholz LM, Millstein RA, Carroll J, Murphy DL, Daws LC, and Holmes A (2006) Behavioral responses to ethanol in serotonin transporter knockout mice. Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research 30:1957-1965. Pubmed
Holmes A, Li Q, Koenig EA, Gold E, Stephenson D, Yang RY and Crawley JN (2005) Assessment of galanin modulation of the acute behavioral effects of antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology 178: 276-285. Pubmed
Karlsson, R-M, Holmes A, Heilig M and Crawley JN (2005) Comparative profiles of centrally-administered neuropeptide Y and galanin in mouse tasks for fear and anxiety-related behaviors. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 80: 427-436. Pubmed
Ren-Patterson RF, Cochran LW, Holmes A, Sherrill S, Huang S-J, Tolliver T, Lesch, K-P, Lu B and Murphy DL (2005) Loss of BDNF gene allele exacerbates brain monoamine deficiencies and increases stress abnormalities of serotonin transporter knockout mice. Journal of Neuroscience Research 79: 756-771. Pubmed
Boyce-Rustay JM and Holmes A (2005) Functional roles of NMDA receptor NR2A and NR2B subunits in the acute intoxicating effects of ethanol in mice. Synapse 56: 222-225. Pubmed
Rustay NR, Wrenn CC, Kinney JW, Holmes A, Bailey KR, Sullivan T, Harris AP, Long KC, Saavedra MC, Starosta G, Innerfield CE, Yang RJ, Dreiling JL and Crawley JN (2005) Galanin impairs performance on learning and memory tasks: findings from galanin transgenic and GAL-R1 knockout mice. Neuropeptides 39: 237-241. Pubmed
Kim D-K, Tolliver TJ, Huang SJ, Martin BJ, Andrews AM, Wichems C, Holmes A, Lesch K-P, and Murphy DL (2005) Altered serotonin synthesis, turnover and dynamic regulation regions of mice lacking the serotonin transporter. Neuropharmacology 49: 798-810. Pubmed
Zhao S, Edwards J, Carroll J, Wiedholz L, Millstein RA, Murphy DL, Lanthorn TH and Holmes A (2005) Mutant mice reveal an essential functional role for the C-terminus of the 5-HT transporter. Neuroscience 140: 321-334. Pubmed
Wrenn CC, Kinney JW, Marriott LK, Holmes A, Harris AP, Saavedra MC, Innerfield CE, Jacoby AS, Shine J, Wenk G, Iismaa TP and Crawley JN (2004) Learning and memory performance in GAL-R1 null mutant mice. European Journal of Neuroscience 19: 1384-1396. Pubmed
Holmes A, Lachowicz JE, and Sibley DR (2004) Functional specificity of dopamine receptor subtypes; recent evidence from knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 47: 1117-1134. Pubmed
Li Q, Holmes A, Ma L and Murphy DL (2004) Medial hypothalamic 5-HT1A receptors may be involved in the regulation of defensive behaviors, but not exploratory anxiety-like behaviors in mice. The Journal of Neuroscience 24: 10868-10877. Pubmed
Holmes A, Heilig M, Rupniak, NMJ, Steckler T and Griebel G (2003) Neuropeptides as novel therapeutic targets for stress-related disorders; recent developments. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 24: 580-558. Pubmed
Holmes A, Li Q, Murphy DL, Gold E and Crawley JN (2003) Abnormal anxiety-related behavior in serotonin transporter null mutant mice; the influence of genetic background. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2: 365-380. Pubmed
Holmes A, Murphy DL and Crawley JN (2003) Behavioral phenotypes of serotonin transporter knockout mice; parallels with human anxiety and depression. Biological Psychiatry 54: 953-959. Pubmed
Holmes A and Hariri AR (2003) Editorial: Genetic variation in serotonin transporter function and negative emotionality; placing single gene effects in the context of genetic background and environment. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2: 332-335. Pubmed
Holmes A, Kinney JW, Wrenn CC, Li Q, Yang RJ, Ma L, Vishwanath J, Saveedra MC, Innerfield CE, Jacoby AS, Shine J, Iismaa TP and Crawley JN (2003) Galanin GAL-R1 receptor null mutant mice display increased anxiety-like behavior specific to the elevated plus-maze test. Neuropsychopharmacology 28: 1031-1044. Pubmed
Holmes A and Rodgers RJ (2003) Prior exposure to the elevated plus-maze sensitizes mice to the acute behavioral effects of phenelzine and fluoxetine. European Journal of Pharmacology 459: 221-230. Pubmed
Holmes A, Yang RJ, Lesch KP, Crawley JN and Murphy DL (2003) Mice lacking the serotonin transporter exhibit 5-HT1A receptor-mediated abnormalities in anxiety-like and exploratory behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 28: 2077-2088. Pubmed
Murphy DL, Ren-Patterson R, Holmes A, Hall FS and Uhl G (2003) Experimental gene interaction studies with mutant mice as models for human polygenic traits and disorders. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2: 350-364. Pubmed
Holmes A, Murphy DL and Crawley JN (2002) Reduced aggression in mice lacking the 5-HT transporter. Psychopharmacology 161: 160-167. Pubmed
Holmes A, Wrenn CC, Harris AP, Thayer K and Crawley JN (2002) Behavioral profiles of inbred strains on novel, olfactory, spatial and emotional tests for reference memory in mice. Genes, Brain and Behavior 1: 55-69. Pubmed
Holmes A, Yang RJ and Crawley JN (2002) Evaluation of an anxiety-related phenotype in galanin overexpressing transgenic mice. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 18: 151-165. Pubmed
Holmes A, Yang RJ, Crawley JN and Murphy DL (2002) Evaluation of antidepressant-related behavioral responses in mice lacking the serotonin transporter. Neuropsychopharmacology 27: 914-923. Pubmed
Kinney JW, Starosta G, Holmes A, Wrenn CC, Yang RJ, Harris AP, Long KC and Crawley JN (2002) Deficits in trace cued fear conditioning in galanin-treated rats and galanin-overexpressing transgenic mice. Learning and Memory 9: 178-190. Pubmed
Wrenn CC, Marriott L, Kinney JW, Holmes A, Wenk G and Crawley JN (2002) Galanin peptide levels in hippocampus and cortex of galanin overexpressing transgenic mice evaluated for cognitive performance. Neuropeptides 36: 413-426. Pubmed
Williams RW, Dubnau J, Enoch MA, Flaherty L, Sluyter F, Gannon KS, Maxson SC, Riedl CAL, Williams KD, Holmes A, Bolivar VJ, and Crusio WE (2002) Hot topics in behavioral and neural genetics. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2: 117-130. Pubmed
Holmes A (2001) Transgenic and gene knockout approaches to the study of anxiety-like behavior in mice. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 25: 261-273. Pubmed
Holmes A, Hollon TR, Liu Z, Sibley DR, Dreiling J, Gleason TC and Crawley JN (2001) Behavioral characterization of dopamine D5 receptor null mutant mice. Behavioral Neuroscience 115: 1129-1144. Pubmed